Nigeria Faces Public Health Crisis Due to Open Defecation and Poor Sanitation

Nigeria is on the brink of a public health crisis due to the widespread practice of open defecation and inadequate sanitation facilities. According to the 2021 WASH National Routine Mapping (WASHNORM) report, approximately 48 million Nigerians continue to defecate in the open, despite the dangers.

This has led to a significant risk of contracting Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), with over 200 million Nigerians at risk.The report reveals that Nigeria bears the highest burden of NTDs in Africa, with Ebonyi state leading in open defecation at 73%. Other states, including Plateau and Kogi, follow closely with 56% each. In the South West, Oyo State leads with 54%.

Medical experts warn that open defecation contaminates water sources, leading to outbreaks of cholera and other waterborne diseases. NTDs, such as river blindness and lymphatic filariasis, also pose a significant threat to the health of many Nigerians.

The urgent need for improved sanitation and healthcare in Nigeria cannot be overstated. With only 37 million (18%) Nigerians having access to safely managed sanitation services, the high levels of poverty and lack of access to basic toilet facilities and clean water pose significant challenges.

To address this crisis, immediate action is required from both the government and health organizations. Implementing effective strategies to combat the spread of NTDs and improving sanitation facilities are crucial steps towards ensuring the health and well-being of Nigeria’s population.